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It took V-Dubya many hours over the last couple days to learn enough about coding Wiki pages to get Steve's article “A History of Hobo Nickels” added to WikipediA. I had to use nickel carving images that I created myself so that their ownership was clear and I could put them in the Public Domain but I think you'll like the results. It sure shows off Steve's scholarship in good light and, hopefully, to a different demographic... non-collectors... non-numismatists.  −V-Dubya
• • • Check out Wikipedia's “Hobo Nickel”Click to access the Wikipedia website. and let me know what you think! • • •
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143 
27 June 2005
Click to search for “4-4-0 standard”.Click to access the AbsoluteAstronomy website.Click to access the Wikipedia website.

“4-4-0” ~ From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 
 #87, delivered - from the  of .  This is a 5 ft (1524 mm) gauge 4-4-0 with 54 in (1.37 m) drivers.  Shown during delivery on flatcars due to gauge incompatibility.  Note the elaborate ornamentation.  #87 is a wood-burner with a spark-arresting “balloon” stack. Enlarge
Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad #87, delivered 1873-10-27 from the Mason Machine Works of Taunton, Massachusetts. This is a 5 ft (1524 mm) gauge 4-4-0 with 54 in (1.37 m) drivers. Shown during delivery on flatcars due to gauge incompatibility. Note the elaborate ornamentation. #87 is a wood-burner with a spark-arresting “balloon” stack.
 class  4-4-0 #317, built in .  This high-drivered (78") passenger locomotive is coal-fired, indicated by the straight stack.  Elaborate decoration is now out of fashion. Enlarge
Pennsylvania Railroad class D6 4-4-0 #317, built in 1881. This high-drivered (78") passenger locomotive is coal-fired, indicated by the straight stack. Elaborate decoration is now out of fashion.
In the following decade, locomotive manufacturers began extending the wheelbase of both the leading bogie and the driving axles. By placing the axles farther from each other, manufacturers were able to mount a wider boiler completely above the wheels that extended beyond the sides of the wheels. This gave newer locomotives increased heating and steam capacity which translated to higher tractive effort. It was in this decade, the 1850s that the 4-4-0 began to look like the locomotives that are preserved today. There are fewer than 40 surviving 4-4-0s in the United States today, not counting reproductions.
The design and subsequent improvements of the 4-4-0 proved so successful that by 1872, 60% of Baldwin's locomotive construction was of this type, and it is estimated that fully 85% of all locomotives in operation in the USA were 4-4-0s. However, the 4-4-0 was soon supplanted by bigger designs, like the 2-6-0 and 2-8-0, even though the 4-4-0 was still favored for express services. The widespread adoption of the 4-6-0 and even larger locomotives helped seal its fate as a product of the past. By 1900, the 4-4-0 was obsolete in US locomotive manufacture, although they continued to serve branch lines and private industry into the mid 20th century. The last 4-4-0 built was a diminutive Baldwin product in 1945, built for the United of Yucatan Railways.
Retrieved from “en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-4-0
Steam locomotive types
Single engine types
0-2-2, 2-2-0, 2-2-2, 2-2-4, 4-2-0, 4-2-2, 4-2-4, 6-2-0
0-4-0, 0-4-2, 0-4-4, 2-4-0, 2-4-2, 2-4-4, 4-4-0, 4-4-2, 4-4-4
0-6-0, 0-6-2, 0-6-4, 2-6-0, 2-6-2, 2-6-4, 4-6-0, 4-6-2, 4-6-4
0-8-0, 0-8-2, 2-8-0, 2-8-2, 2-8-4, 4-8-0, 4-8-2, 4-8-4, 6-8-6
0-10-0, 0-10-2, 2-10-0, 2-10-2, 2-10-4, 4-10-0, 4-10-2
0-12-0, 2-12-0, 2-12-2, 2-12-4, 4-12-2
4-14-4
Duplex engine types
4-4-4-4, 6-4-4-6, 4-4-6-4, 4-6-4-4
Mallet (articulated) types
0-4-4-0, 0-4-4-2, 2-4-4-2
0-6-6-0, 2-6-6-0, 2-6-6-2, 2-6-6-4, 2-6-6-6, 4-6-6-4, 2-6-8-0
0-8-8-0, 2-8-8-0, 2-8-8-2, 2-8-8-4, 4-8-8-2, 4-8-8-4
2-10-10-2, 2-8-8-8-2, 2-8-8-8-4

Albert Einstein ~ by three currently active nickel carvers.
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Einstein ~ J. Allen
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Al” ~ Cliff Kraft
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E=MC2 ~ Bob Shamey
Albert and ET −by Ralph “Hobo Bazoo” Winter, OHNS-LM37
I was doing a little organizing of my hobo nickels and found I had a couple of fun like themes that I thought would be fun to share with OHNS members. Three of my hobo nickels have Albert Einstein as the subject. The first was carved several years ago by J. Allen. In January 2004 I acquired my first Cliff Kraft carving, a whimsical 揂lbert.?Then in this past January抯 OHNS FUN Auction, I picked up Bob Shamey抯 Albert Einstein.
Speaking of Bob Shamey... In March of 2004 I acquired my first Shamey carving, his 揜oswell Area 51 Alien.?In March of this year, I saw Owen Covert抯 揂lien Mutant?offered on eBay, and I thought it would be a nice companion to Shamey抯 揂lien.?Just this month I picked up 揇arth Vader?by new nickel carver Paul Fort. It抯 carved on a 2005 Jefferson nickel. Ralph Winter... Wednesday, 27 April 2005 8:54am
Roswell Area51 ~ Bob Shamey
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Alien Mutant ~ Robert Covert
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Darth Vader ~ Paul Fort
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Extraterrestrial Themes ~ by three currently active nickel carvers.

About My Darth Vader Hobo Nickel...
Hi Ralph... My name is Paul Fort (PF). Let me start by saying this is the first nickel I have sold. I have collected a few hobo nickels one of which my father bought me. I became interested in design engraving first. I have two trumpets that I try to play. One of them is a King super 20. Well back in the day, engraving on trumpets was quite elaborate (one particular example is the “Naked Lady”) Well I started looking up how to engrave and the tools needed. I first bought some hand push gravers from ebay and I graduated up to some GRS hand push gravers.
I did a search for engraving forums and found and joined “Hand Engravers”, which is where I was introduced to Hobo nickels. I first saw one carved by Bill Zach on this forum. I have never heard or seen such a creation. My father is an avid coin and currency collector, but he knew very little about the Hobo nickels except that there are a few dealers who sell them and have OHNS signs on their displays. The more I learned the more I thought I could practice engraving on nickels. My first attempt was an image of my son (about 1 year old). I have practiced his face many times. I plan on getting it perfect. I also used examples of others carvings but these are not my own ideas and so I only refer to them as learning lessons.
I purchased a head visor, then a ball vise, then a microscope, then a Lindsay classic AirGraver (by Steve Lindsay) and then ........Well, I think you get the picture. I really like working on such a small scale in a creative fashion. I find it to be very peaceful and rewarding. I am eager to expand my creativity and create some nice carvings.
I want to thank you for expressing such an interest in my first piece. My initials (PF) are very small on the lower collar of the bust. This is the only one of this nature that I will do. I will not carve Darth Vader on another coin. So this is a one and only. I am calling this coin Number One. Paul Fort... Wednesday, 20 April 2005 3:33:18am
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