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Older News & Events ScrapBook . . . Page 6
Most photographs can be left-clicked on to view an enlargement.
It took V-Dubya many hours over the last couple days to learn enough about coding Wiki pages to get Steve's article “A History of Hobo Nickels” added to WikipediA. I had to use nickel carving images that I created myself so that their ownership was clear and I could put them in the Public Domain but I think you'll like the results. It sure shows off Steve's scholarship in good light and, hopefully, to a different demographic... non-collectors... non-numismatists. −V-Dubya
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• • • Check out
Wikipedia's “Hobo Nickel” and let me know what you think! • • •
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The non-profit Wikimedia Foundation,
operates several multilingual
and free-content
projects:
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What a strange turn of events... When I made a simple
Google search for “4-4-0 standard” it took me to
www.AbsoluteAstronomy.com which seemed an unlikely place for information on locomotives. There I noted that they had credited
en.WikipediA.org as their information source... so I went to
WikipediA and found one of the most fantastic resources I've ever found thus far on the WorldWideWeb.
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• • • Check out WikipediA and judge for yourself! • • •
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Where there isn't any information yet on a linked subject the reader is encouraged to input information into the
WikipediA database. Best of all the whole body of work is FREE! It is weird that some websites require payment before you can read their material, others insist that their posted information not be used by anyone for any purpose other than simply reading, and then we have a few leaders that promote the totally free access and dissemination of their information. −V-Dubya
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“4-4-0” ~ From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A 4-4-0 is a type of
steam locomotive. In the
Whyte notation, 4-4-0 signifies that it has a two-axle
bogie to help guide it into curves, and two
driving axles coupled by a
connecting rod. The 4-4-0 is most commonly known as an American type. Almost every major
railroad that operated in
North America in the first half of the
19th century owned and operated locomotives of this type. The famous locomotive named
The General was a 4-4-0. The equivalent
UIC classification is 2'B.
The first use of the name American to describe locomotives of this wheel arrangement was made by Railroad Gazette in April 1872. Before that time, this wheel arrangement was known as a Standard or Eight-Wheeler. This locomotive type was so successful on US railroads that many earlier
4-2-0 and
2-4-0 locomotives were rebuilt as 4-4-0s by the middle of the 19th century.
The first 4-4-0 design was developed by
Henry R. Campbell, then the chief
engineer for the
Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Railway. Campbell received a
patent for the design in February
1836, and he soon set to work building the first 4-4-0. New locomotive construction in the USA had begun only five years earlier at the
West Point Foundry with the
Best Friend of Charleston in 1831.
Pennsylvania Railroad class
D6 4-4-0 #317, built in
1881. This high-drivered (78") passenger locomotive is coal-fired, indicated by the straight stack. Elaborate decoration is now out of fashion.
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For the time, Campbell's 4-4-0 was a giant among locomotives. Its
cylinders
measured 14
inch (356
mm) in diameter with a 16 in (406 mm)
piston stroke, it boasted 54 in (1.37 m) diameter driving wheels, could maintain 90
lb/in² (620
kPa) of steam
pressure and weighed 12
tons. Campbell's locomotive was estimated to be able to pull a 450 ton train at 15
mph (24
km/h) on level track, beating the strongest of
Baldwin's
4-2-0s in tractive effort by around 63%. However, with all of the increased power in Campbell's design, the frame and driving gear of his locomotive proved too rigid for the railroads of the time. Campbell's prototype was too prone to
derailments.
At about the same time as Cambell was building his 4-4-0, the company of
Eastwick and Harrison was building its own version of the 4-4-0. This locomotive, named Hercules, was completed in
1837 for the
Beaver Meadow Railroad. The Hercules was built with a leading bogie that was separate from the locomotive frame, making it much more suitable to the tight curves and quick grade changes of early railroads.
Even though Hercules and its successors from Eastwick and Harrison proved the viability of the new wheel arrangement, the company remained the sole builders of this type of locomotive for another two years.
William Norris built that company's first 4-4-0 in
1839, followed by
Rogers,
Locks and Canals and
Newcastle in
1840. Henry Campbell didn't sit idly by while other manufacturers started building their own 4-4-0s. Like many executives of the modern era, Campbell sued other manufacturers and railroads for infringing on his patent. Baldwin settled with Campbell in 1845 by purchasing a license to build 4-4-0s.
As the
1840s progressed, the design of the 4-4-0 changed little, but the dimensions of a typical example of this type increased. The
boiler lengthened, drive wheels grew in diameter and the fire grate increased in area. Early 4-4-0s were short enough that it was most practical to connect the pistons to the rear driving axle, but as the boiler lengthened, the
connecting rod was more frequently connected to the front driving axle.
In the following decade, locomotive manufacturers began extending the wheelbase of both the leading bogie and the driving axles. By placing the axles farther from each other, manufacturers were able to mount a wider boiler completely above the wheels that extended beyond the sides of the wheels. This gave newer locomotives increased heating and steam capacity which translated to higher tractive effort. It was in this decade, the
1850s that the 4-4-0 began to look like the locomotives that are preserved today. There are fewer than 40 surviving 4-4-0s in the United States today, not counting reproductions.
The design and subsequent improvements of the 4-4-0 proved so successful that by 1872, 60% of Baldwin's locomotive construction was of this type, and it is estimated that fully 85% of all locomotives in operation in the USA were 4-4-0s. However, the 4-4-0 was soon supplanted by bigger designs, like the
2-6-0 and
2-8-0, even though the 4-4-0 was still favored for express services. The widespread adoption of the
4-6-0 and even larger locomotives helped seal its fate as a product of the past. By 1900, the 4-4-0 was obsolete in US locomotive manufacture, although they continued to serve
branch lines and private industry into the mid
20th century. The last 4-4-0 built was a diminutive Baldwin product in
1945, built for the
United of Yucatan Railways.
Retrieved from “en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-4-0”
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Steam locomotive types
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0-2-2,
2-2-0,
2-2-2,
2-2-4,
4-2-0,
4-2-2,
4-2-4,
6-2-0
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0-4-0,
0-4-2,
0-4-4,
2-4-0,
2-4-2,
2-4-4,
4-4-0,
4-4-2,
4-4-4
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0-6-0,
0-6-2,
0-6-4,
2-6-0,
2-6-2,
2-6-4,
4-6-0,
4-6-2,
4-6-4
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0-8-0,
0-8-2,
2-8-0,
2-8-2,
2-8-4,
4-8-0,
4-8-2,
4-8-4,
6-8-6
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0-10-0,
0-10-2,
2-10-0,
2-10-2,
2-10-4,
4-10-0,
4-10-2
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0-12-0,
2-12-0,
2-12-2,
2-12-4,
4-12-2
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4-14-4
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4-4-4-4,
6-4-4-6,
4-4-6-4,
4-6-4-4
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Mallet
(articulated) types
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0-4-4-0,
0-4-4-2,
2-4-4-2
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0-6-6-0,
2-6-6-0,
2-6-6-2,
2-6-6-4,
2-6-6-6,
4-6-6-4,
2-6-8-0
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0-8-8-0,
2-8-8-0,
2-8-8-2,
2-8-8-4,
4-8-8-2,
4-8-8-4
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2-10-10-2,
2-8-8-8-2,
2-8-8-8-4
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Railroad History, Bulletin 180, Spring, 1999. pp. 7-30.
By Wendell W. Huffman
Courtesy Railway & Locomotive Historical Society, William F. Howes, Jr., President.
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“From the shipping of Elephant in 1850 until well into 1869, very few things changed in the process of ordering and importing locomotives and railroad material for the West Coast. When the Sacramento Valley began importing material in the mid-1850s, not even a telegraph line spanned the country. To arrange orders, the company president made two round trips to the East Coast by steamer and stagecoach crossings of Nicaragua between December 1853 and September 1854. The Sacramento Valley imported rails, spikes, passenger and freight cars, locomotives, turntables, and machine tools, with freight charges amounting to $100,000 − one-third the cost of the material alone. Even civil engineers and artisans were hired from the East.” —
Wendell W. Huffman, Railroad History Bulletin 180, Spring 1999.
Click here to read Mr. Huffman's complete article...
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Copyrighted © 1999 by the Railway & Locomotive Historical Society, Inc., P.O, Box 1418. Westford. Massachusetts 01886. The
R&LHS, founded in 1921, is the oldest organization in North America devoted to railroad history. Its object is to promote research and encourage documentation. Source materials — printed, manuscript and graphic — are housed in the Society's archives in Sacramento, California. For additional information, contact William H. Lugg, Jr, R&LHS Membership Secretary, P.O. Box 292927, Sacramento, California 95829-2927.
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Listed in order of arrival.
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• The Hobo News ~ A Street Newspaper •
Vol.7 ~ No.1 ~ December 31, 1946 ~ “A Ripple of Laughter is Worth a Flood of Tears”
A generous gift from Warren Stabler, OHNS-RM848.
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Not exactly a “Hobo” subject... but this topical concern really grabbed me and I wanted to share it with all y'all.
( There were MANY “Hobo” subject cartoons published! )
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“A Little Fun to Match the Sorrow”
~ 31 Dec 1946
Published February'37-April 20,'48, by Patrick “The Roaming Dreamer” Mulkern and Benjamin “The Coast Kid” Benson. Featured articles, poems, cartoons, and occasionally songs about politics, law enforcement, employment, and hobo life that catered to hobo culture... including hobo-sympathizers and hobo-intellectuals. It maintained and promoted a strongly pro-American viewpoint and also served as a political advocate on the behalf of hoboes.
This newspaper is often confused with an earlier publication circa 1915-1929...
“James Eads How, an heir to a St.Louis fortune, chose to live his life as a hobo, riding the rails, sleeping in flophouses and wearing old clothes. Fueled by the Social Gospel Movement that adhered to helping relieve the suffering of the poor, Mr. How founded the International Brotherhood Welfare Association and a publication known as the Hoboes Jungle Scout in 1913. That newspaper evolved into the Hobo News in 1915 which became a monthly and lasted until at least 1929. Hobo News in turn evolved into the Hobo World newspaper. The only existing copies of the monthly publication indicate it was mix of job news, poems, sentimental short stories and lore about the life of hoboes.”
−Trying to Write a History of the Role of Street Newspapers in the Social Movement to Alleviate Poverty and Homelessness −by Norma Fay Green ~ July 23, 1999
Cover of 1937 Time Newsmagazine containing Benjamin Benson article
( NOT Mr. Benson on the cover. )
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“This is a Bona Fide Newspaper”
~ 17 May 1937
The Press ~ “For Hoboes: Hobo News”
To the vast surprise of a Manhattan police court last week, a mussy little prisoner informed the judge that the issue at stake in his case was not whether he had been caught peddling in Times Square without a license, but whether or not the U. S. people were to enjoy the rights and privileges of a free press.
Click here to read Time's complete article about Benjamin Benson...
Copyright © 2005 Time Inc. All rights reserved.
Cover of 1937 Time Newsmagazine containing Jeff Davis article
( NOT Mr. Davis on the cover. )
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“Perpetual King Jeff Davis”
~ 26 April 1937
Miscellany ~ “Convention”
In St.Louis, Perpetual King Jeff Davis opened the 29th annual “greatest and best” convention of the Hoboes of America. In a grimy hall in the flophouse district, 100 delegates heard greetings from Ohio's Representative Herbert S. (“Brother Bo”) Bigelow, New York's Senator Royal S. Copeland, Warden Lewis E. Lawes of Sing Sing who sent a $10 contribution, President William Green of the American Federation of Labor. Unanimously the hoboes voted to lobby for benches and cots in railroad boxcars and a special 1¢-a-mile hobo rail rate, applauded King Davis when he thumped for enforcement of the 14th Amendment “so that a hobo can go anywhere in this country without being pinched for being broke.”
Click here to read Time's complete article about Jeff Davis...
Copyright © 2005 Time Inc. All rights reserved.
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• Interesting Reading •
Self-Sufficiency Is Measure Of Chicago Newspaper's Success −by James L. Tyson ~ April 11, 1996
The American Hobo −by Colin Beesley ~ 1998
Trying to Write a History of the Role of Street Newspapers in the Social Movement to Alleviate Poverty and Homelessness −by Norma Fay Green ~ July 23, 1999
Read all about it: street papers flourish across the US −by Danna Harman ~ November 17, 2003
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Click to view an enlargement of this photograph.
Bergie Wyatt at his bon voyage party.
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A Bergie Pulls Up Stakes!
Wyatt, a Bergie1 from Cape Town, was scratching out a meager living providing Guide Services for Otjandaue Safaris, in north-central Namibia, when he heard of the vast riches to be made in the Kansa Territories culling the migratory Bison herds. He was told that this new breed of Bison was invading the territory from both Denver to the west and Philadelphia to the east.
Much to my surprise I learned today that he will be arriving on my doorstep sometime this month... I'd better rent more locker space just in case he shoots more than we can eat. As you see below, at every layover Wyatt sends me one of the postcards that he bought before leaving the Namibia International Airport!
I've been informed that the local wildlife in Namibia was ecstatic when they found out that Wyatt was leaving the environs for the provinces in the New World. Judging from the photo they sent the party was a real BLAST!
As Wyatt boarded one of Air Namibia's McDonnell-Douglas MD11s, he was heard to mutter...
“After so many years of hunting Damara Dik-Dik for supper, shooting Kansa Bison will be a real jawl2.”
You'd think someone would have told Wyatt that
Dik-Dik , the smallest antelope in the world... about the size of a domestic cat, are a protected species! It is already quite evident that I'm going to have a lot of trouble understanding Wyatt! −V-Dubya
Special Thanks to Steven G. Adams, Master Nickel Carver, for the unique vision and consummate skill evident in his creation of this delightful nickel carving!
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Two More Nicknamed Old Hobo Nickel Artists
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{ from BoTales2005#2 }
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This time I am introducing two more old nicknamed hobo nickel artists. One
{“Traveler”...shown here above}
is an old friend we've seen many times before (but his carvings are hard to find.) The other
{“Tall Collar”...shown here on the left}
is an artist whose works you probably haven’t seen before −Stephen P. Alpert.
“Traveler”
Click here to read Steve's complete article...
“Tall Collar”
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Click on any photo for a sharper enlarged version.
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Buy What Makes You Smile!
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Recently I spent a few weeks up in Alaska doing artwork for a Bed & Breakfast in Fairbanks. While there I had an opportunity to travel north and meet some of the locals. This old gentleman really made an impression on me. I was freezing my duff and he was warm as toast. Bald with no teeth, he couldn't comprehend how it was that I didn't have a fur coat to keep me warm. The coastal Indians are some pretty interesting people. We had a great time munching on smoked salmon. Anyway to make a long story short. I thought I would make this coin in his likeness. I know he'll never see it but it was fun to do.
I feel that, as with any art form, it's best to acquire one of a kind pieces from those who produce art for arts sake. Build a good collection of coins that makes you feel good inside, one that will provide you with many years of enjoyment and increase in value over time. You won't be sorry. ~ Steve Ellsworth... Saturday, 11 June 2005, 7:04:35am
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This gentleman's tribal name is spelled two different ways... Iñupiaq and Iñupiat. “Iñupiaq{Eskimo, literally ‘real person’}” words vary according to whether the person lives in a North Slope village or a Kobuk River village. I've decided to name this carving “Iñupiaq Iglaaq{Traveler}” since it is as close as I can figure to hobo, vagrant or wanderer. Other choices could have been “ataniq{Leader}”, “ataataga{Grandfather}” or “avilaitqan{Friend}”.
This deep carving of an Eskimo by Colorado based South Western Artist, Steve Ellsworth, brings to mind the wonderful “Native Alaska Eskimo Portraits” by George Glenn Rodgers. I don't suppose we could convince “Artist George” to do some nickel carvings for all of us to treasure... that would be too much to hope for! ~ V-Dubya
Portraits are property of • NORTH COUNTRY GRAPHICS, POBox 770328,
Eagle River, Alaska 99577 • 907-688-9770
Click on any portrait for a sharper version.
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I've tried contacting “Artist George” many times this last week but his phone is always busy. His www.Alaskan.com EMail address is invalid. -vrw 6/18/05
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“ Imperatoris Caesaris Traiani Hadriani Augusti”
Again Mike Cirelli shows his true colors and serves up a superlative nickel carving unique unto himself! Way to go Michael! ~ V-Dubya
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W. Eddings ~
Gadsden, Alabama.
I called the newspaper (The Gadsden Times) in Gadsden, Alabama to obtain the obituary for Wabon Eddings. The paper directed me to the local public library. I just received a photocopy of the funeral notice for Eddings from the Gadsden Public Library.
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Funerals - The Gadsden Times / Friday, April 16, 1999
Eddings, Wabon A.
Funeral will be at 11 am. Saturday at Crestwood Chapel for Wabon A. Eddings, 82, Gadsden, who died Thursday, April 15, 1999. The Rev. Don Pendergrass will officiate. Burial in Crestwood Cemetery. Crestwood Funeral Home is in charge. Mr. Eddings was a native of Amory, Mississippi, lived in Gadsden (Alabama) since 1945; Veteran of World War II; retired from Republic Steel and member of East Gadsden Baptist Church.
He was preceded in death by his Wife, Gladys Eddings. He is survived by his daughter, Micki Jane Pruitt; son-in-law, Charles Pruitt one grandson, Aaron Pruitt; brother, James R. Eddings; sister, Mary Neil Smith and a number of nieces and nephews. Honorary pallbearers will be Mr. Ralph O. Rowe Sr., Jimmy Bearden, Joe Bearden and Bill Bearden. The family will receive friends from 9-11 Saturday morning at the funeral home.
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Eddings annually attended the Hobo Convention in Britt, Iowa for years (70s-90s) and worked in the railroad roundhouse for Republic Steel in Gadsden, Alabama. ~ Ralph “Hobo Bazoo” Winter... Thursday, 5/26/2005 6:54PM
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That Just Wasn't “Good Enough”!
...a Bill Jameson “recarved” nickel
Hard to believe, a second unusual nickel carving related item encounter within as many days... a “before” scan of a nickel carving that didn't measure up to the carver's expectations. Infrequently does a carver bother to generate such a scan and then have the self confidence to release said scan. Bill Jameson is a talented carver who demands perfection in his artistic creations. Most folks would be well satisfied with the first obverse carving but Bill was convinced he needed to improve on it... particularly considering how much time he had invested in the reverse “Lion” carving ...obviously he did so.
Click on any nickel
carving image for an enlargement.
Can you believe the perfectly smooth fields on both versions? WOW!!! ~ V-Dubya
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